Southern National Park is one of the largest and least explored protected areas in South Sudan. Covering an impressive area of over 23,000 square kilometers, the park lies in the southwestern region of the country, bordered by the Boma Plateau to the east and the Congo Basin to the west. It is characterized by vast grasslands, savannahs, wetlands, gallery forests, and river systems that provide diverse habitats for a wide range of wildlife. Despite its ecological richness, Southern National Park remains largely untouched by mass tourism and is considered a frontier destination for conservation and eco-tourism.

Brief History of Southern National Park

Southern National Park was officially gazetted during the colonial era in 1939, making it one of the earliest protected areas in Sudan at the time. It was established primarily to preserve the rich biodiversity of the region and protect migratory corridors of large mammal populations. During the decades of civil conflict in Sudan and later in South Sudan, the park suffered from a lack of management, infrastructure collapse, and unregulated hunting.

However, its remoteness helped shield large tracts of habitat from severe degradation. With the formation of South Sudan as an independent nation in 2011, new conservation interest has emerged to rehabilitate and develop the park as part of the country’s national strategy for protected areas and biodiversity conservation.

What to Do at Southern National Park

Visiting Southern National Park offers a sense of adventure and discovery, as the area is still largely undeveloped for tourism. The park is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts, birdwatchers, and researchers. Among the species that can be observed are elephants, giraffes, buffaloes, hippos, warthogs, bushbucks, and waterbucks. It is also believed to host predators like lions and leopards, though sightings are rare due to the dense vegetation and the park’s vast size.

The wetlands and river systems—particularly the Sue, Gel, and Ibba Rivers—are excellent spots for birdwatching, with numerous migratory and resident bird species including herons, kingfishers, storks, and African fish eagles. For those interested in cultural heritage, the area surrounding the park is home to diverse ethnic groups such as the Azande and Baka, whose traditions and knowledge systems are closely tied to the forest and savannah ecosystems.

How to Get to Southern National Park

Access to Southern National Park is one of the major challenges facing its development as a tourist destination. The park is located in Western Equatoria State, with the nearest major town being Yambio, which lies about 100 kilometers to the west of the park’s boundary. From Juba, the capital city of South Sudan, the journey to Yambio takes approximately one to two days by road, depending on the condition of the roads and the season.

During the rainy season, travel becomes particularly difficult due to flooding and poor road surfaces. Domestic flights are available to Yambio from Juba, and arrangements can then be made by road to reach the park. Given the remote location, visitors are advised to plan their journey with the help of experienced local operators and to check the latest security and weather updates before traveling.

Accommodations at Southern National Park

Tourist accommodation within Southern National Park is extremely limited, reflecting the park’s undeveloped status. There are currently no established lodges or camps inside the park, but basic accommodation can be found in nearby towns such as Yambio and Maridi. These options typically include guesthouses and mission-run facilities that cater primarily to NGOs and government officials working in the region.

For adventurous travelers, camping within or near the park may be possible, although all necessary gear, food, and water must be brought along. Efforts have been proposed to develop eco-lodges and ranger stations in strategic locations, particularly near river systems and wildlife hotspots, but these projects remain in the planning phase. Any visit to Southern National Park should be arranged through official channels to ensure safety and logistical support.

Wildlife and Conservation Significance

Southern National Park holds immense ecological value due to its size and diversity of habitats. It forms part of the greater Sudano-Guinean biome and includes a mosaic of ecosystems from lowland rainforest and papyrus swamps to open woodland and savannah. The park is particularly important as a corridor for migratory wildlife and as a refuge for species threatened elsewhere in the region.

Conservationists believe that Southern National Park could support viable populations of species that are declining in other parts of Africa, such as the African wild dog and the giant eland. The area’s wetlands also play a critical role in hydrological regulation and carbon sequestration. However, threats such as poaching, deforestation, and unregulated agriculture continue to challenge its ecological integrity. Collaborative conservation efforts, including community engagement and transboundary ecosystem planning, are essential for ensuring the park’s long-term survival.

Southern National Park is one of South Sudan’s most promising natural treasures. Its immense size, biodiversity, and relatively undisturbed habitats make it a conservation priority and a potential eco-tourism gem. While challenges related to infrastructure, access, and security remain significant, the park offers a rare opportunity for adventurous travelers, researchers, and conservationists to experience a truly wild and remote part of Africa. With thoughtful investment and strategic planning, Southern National Park could emerge as a symbol of South Sudan’s commitment to protecting its natural heritage for future generations.